Paper-based lactate biofuel cell array with high power output

Printable wearable lactate biosensors have attracted significant attention, and printable biofuel cells gained popularity as suitable power supplies for these sensors. However, realizing an appropriate supply the practical application of sensors devices, it is necessary to improve output cells. In this study, we fabricated a cell that employed paper substrate using screen printing. The proposed paper-based (PBFC) features novel electrode design affords open circuit voltage approximately 3.4 V when array with six in series. Furthermore, 6 × cell, i.e., comprising series parallel, yielded 4.3 mW. To best our knowledge, higher than those previously reported Arrays were capable driving Bluetooth low-energy device wireless transmission, without requiring booster circuit. A commercially available activity meter could be driven 1.5 h artificial sweat fuel PBFCs.